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Andhra Pradesh

Leather Puppetry of Andhra Pradesh

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Mythological inspiration

Delectable food, awe-inspiring temples, splendid landscapes and unforgettable people – traveling through Andhra Pradesh would be an enriching experience for anyone. It is an opportunity for not only getting to know the diverse culture that has persisted through millennia, but also to get a glimpse of the truly fascinating history behind it. While all Indian crafts provide a visual and artistic treat to its patrons, there is one that beautifully ties the present with the past – the Tholu Bommalata, famous as the Andhra Pradesh Leather Puppetry. In the lands of spiritual storytellers, the Tholu Bommalata draws its inspiration from Hindu mythology and historical events, coming to life through storytelling, music, and live performances.

Unveiling the rich artistry

The origins of Andhra Pradesh Leather Puppetry can be traced back to 3rd century BCE and it is credited as one of the earliest forms of performing arts in Andhra Pradesh. Reaching its pinnacle during the reign of the Vijayanagar Empire, these puppets brought the people together with its folkloric form and execution style. These unique puppets are completely handmade, born out of the rigors of skilled artisans.

The process begins with treatment and curing of goat or sheep skin. But once one begins to trust the process, they witness the metamorphosis of the raw material. A spectrum of colours is utilised, fine lines etched to create dense, delicate patterns, strings are fastened and wooden sticks affixed. Finally, moved around by puppeteers expertly commanding the strings and sticks, the puppets come to life!

An immersive experience for tourists

A Tholu Bommalata puppet show is a sure way of losing self to another world. The tales showcase the royal courts and the stories of its subjects and also makes one traverse amongst gods and goddesses, experiencing their trials, tribulations, joys and many victories through retellings from epics such as Ramayana and Mahabharata. The puppets' vibrant colours and intricate craftsmanship captivates the mind. The traditional Carnatic music, and soulful narratives accompanying the puppets captures the heart and soul. What is left in the theatre as the Tholu Bommalata puppets performs is an enchanted audience, moved as one witnesses timeless tales unfolding before their eyes. This very special craft has been recognised and granted the valuable Geographical Indication (GI) tag.


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Andhra Pradesh

Preserving and promoting the art form

Andhra Pradesh Leather Puppetry may have faced difficulties in modern society, yet efforts are being made by numerous organisations, artists and the state government for its preservation and promotion. Dedicated craft centres and museums provide a unique opportunity to witness these puppets being crafted by hand while also experiencing live performances. This traditional art form is being reimagined for contemporary audiences to ensure its continued viability as part of a living tradition.

Visitors can experience the cultural legacy of Tholu Bommalata and the artistic brilliance of its puppeteers and artisans. Visit Nimmalakunta Leather Puppet Center in Pothulanagepalle to become part of this time-honoured craft, entrusted by each generation in the hands of the next. One needs to only be present to experience the Tholu Bommalata’s magic.